Rents Are Dropping… So Why Expand Rent Control?

Rents are finally falling across Canada. But will it last? 

In this episode of Classonomics, Sabrina Maddeaux and Mike Moffatt break down new data from the CMHC showing rising vacancy rates, record rental supply, and the first meaningful relief for tenants in years. They explore why an influx of new housing and slower population growth are pushing rents down, and what that reveals about how housing markets actually work.

But the conversation goes deeper: from the real impact of immigration on housing demand, to the heated debate over rent control and new policy changes in Manitoba that could reshape the market. Will government intervention protect renters, or make the housing shortage worse? And what happens next as Canada’s population growth slows and hundreds of thousands of new units come online? 

00:40–01:38: Introduction: Rent Control in Manitoba and the Risk to New Housing Supply

01:38–02:58: CMHC Report Findings and the Impact of Supply on Decreased Rents

02:58–03:46: The Link Between Immigration Policy and Housing Scarcity

03:46–04:27: Future Rental Market Forecast: Supply-Demand Mismatch

04:27–05:38: Developers' Investment Decisions Based on Future Immigration Targets

05:38–09:24: The Core Debate: Personal Experience, Stability, and Rent Control's Impact on Supply

09:24–10:26: Detailed Breakdown of Manitoba's Bill 13 Rent Control Expansion

10:26–12:36: Controversy Over Above Guideline Increases (AGI) and Renters' Need for Stability

12:36–15:14: Concerns Over Sustainability, Discouraging Investment, and Who Should Cover Landlord Costs

15:14–16:17: Final Thoughts on Bill 13 and Conversation Conclusion

Research/Links:

NDP plan to expand Manitoba rent control protections

https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/manitoba-residential-tenancies-changes-renters-9.7125916

Big rent hikes — a made-in-Manitoba problem

https://www.policyalternatives.ca/news-research/big-rent-hikes-a-made-in-manitoba-problem/

Rent control killing jobs: landlords

https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/2026/04/07/rent-control-killing-jobs-landlords

Bill 13 - THE RESIDENTIAL TENANCIES AMENDMENT ACT

https://web2.gov.mb.ca/bills/43-3/b013e.php

Hosted by Mike Moffatt & Cara Stern & Sabrina Maddeaux

Produced by Meredith Martin

Funded by the Neptis Foundation https://neptis.org/

Transcript

SPEAKER_00 0:00

Rent control is the issue that will never die. Manitoba is the latest province to strengthen rent control rules, which will either make life easier for renters or jeopardize Canada's purpose-built rental housing boom.

SPEAKER_01 0:13

Classonomics, hosted by Sabrina Mado and Mike Moffat.

SPEAKER_02 0:18

Rents across Canada are at their lowest level in three years, and vacancy rates rose from 2% to 3% last year. According to the CMHC, these lower rents and increased vacancy rates are due to a combination of slower population growth and an influx of new supply into the market. While these reductions have brought relief, average rents in Canada are still over$2,000 a month, causing hardships for low and median income Canadians. More work needs to be done to increase rental options and lower rents even further. However, instead of doubling down on these victories and further boosting supply, some provinces, like Manitoba, are strengthening their rent control rules. While well-intentioned, these reforms risk reducing the supply of new rental housing, which has led to these reductions in the first place.

SPEAKER_00 1:02

So, Sabrina, you mentioned the CMHC report. Could you give us a little bit more details about what they found?

SPEAKER_02 1:09

Of course, yeah. Back in December, they released their 2025 rental market report, which highlighted the increased option for renters. What it found was that cities saw more empty apartments because a record number of new buildings were finished just as population and economic growth slowed down. Because there were fewer people looking for homes, landlords had to offer deals like free rent and signing bonuses to get tenants to move in.

SPEAKER_00 1:30

I find all of this really interesting for a few reasons. The biggest of which is it doesn't matter what policy ideas we talk about on the show from HST rebase new housing or, you know, other programs to get more housing built, we'll immediately get pushback that none of those benefits will flow back to buyers or renters, that developers or landowners or what have you will capture all of the benefits. But here's a clear case of where there were a number of policy changes, including ones like removing the HST off of purpose-built rental construction that led to increased home building, increased options for renters, and surprise, surprise, decreased rents. In other words, markets work. And it's not just that they're lowering rents, but they're also offering other incentives to have to compete for renters. And that's how it should be. In a healthy, competitive market, sellers should have to find novel ways of attracting and retaining customers, and they are.

SPEAKER_02 2:22

We also get a lot of comments stating that increasing immigration, whether it be permanent or temporary programs like temporary foreign workers and international students, has no impact on the housing market, that it's all just quote unquote greed or financialization. But here we have the CMHC clearly stating what should be obvious when you increase the size of the population without increasing the infrastructure to support that growth, housing becomes scarce. And guess what? Prices go up.

SPEAKER_00 2:48

Yeah, I know I'm shocked by that. And I know we'll no doubt get emails on this. So I just like to point out that it is not the rule of international students or temporary foreign workers to ensure that Canada has a functioning housing system. Rather, it's the role of policymakers to ensure alignment between immigration policies and housing, infrastructure, and healthcare policies, which clearly they did not do.

SPEAKER_02 3:10

So do you expect these rent reductions to continue?

SPEAKER_00 3:14

Yeah, I do, though. Like anything in real estate, the answer is always location, location, location. So how this is going to play out will differ across the country and across housing types, but we need to consider both demand and supply. On the demand side, population growth is going to be flat until 2028. The economy's still rather weak. So that's going to depress demand. On the supply side, there are currently around 200,000 rental units under construction in Canada, which will come online at some point. A decade ago, there were fewer than 50,000. So that supply-demand mismatch is going to put a lot of downward pressure on prices.

SPEAKER_02 3:52

And the total number of non-permanent residents has been falling in Canada as part of the government's plan to have this group represent less than 5% of Canada's population by the end of 2027. But what I'm wondering is what happens after that? Will those numbers start to climb back up? And will immigration targets start to rise again? And what could that eventually mean for rents?

SPEAKER_00 4:11

Yeah, I wish I had a good answer for that because that's honestly the biggest question right now in rental development. I've noticed that most of the developers who are bullish on rentals, they're still making purpose-built rental investments. They're the ones who are optimistic that the federal government will loosen up immigration restrictions. And on the other side, you've got developers who are pulling back. They're saying, we're not going to build any purpose-built rental for a while. Those are the folks who tend to believe that Canada's days of a growing population are over. So that really determines, you know, the types of investments that companies are making. They're really making a bet on the future of immigration policy.

SPEAKER_02 4:48

Yes, hard to see which way it will go, but I think it's going to be very politically difficult for a government to open up the immigration floodgates again within the next five to 10 years. Long term, that might be different, but we have a lot to fix first.

SPEAKER_00 5:03

I would tend to agree with that as well. You know, I just look at the polling from whether it be Ipsos or abacus or others, and Canadians are, you know, still pro-immigration, but the proportion of people that are saying that the numbers are too high are still much larger than those who are saying it's too low. Now, there are other factors, of course, other than immigration that determines what's happening on the rental housing market. And one is the future of other policies, such as rent control policies. Now, I know I've asked Kara this before on past episodes, but I don't think you and I have ever discussed it. So, as someone who's rented more recently than I have, what is your take on rent control?

SPEAKER_02 5:42

We haven't discussed it before. And I know the broader argument that Kara makes is that rent control contributes obviously to a free market. And I understand that in a broader sense. But someone who actually rents and has rented now for about 15 years, rent control is a lifesaver. I have to say that. I have friends who before rent control was brought in in Ontario in a limited way, their landlords could just say, we're going to charge you an extra 100% or 50% on your rent. And they had to move. They had to leave their apartments as a way of evicting them, essentially. Even for myself, rents are so high. And even when rents get raised every year for just the inflation amount, about 2%, that's still a significant new total on your bill. And then I look at when homeowners see property tax increases that equal way less than the increase to my rent just based on inflation every year, and they freak out. It's an interesting gap there. Even when I'm looking for apartments, when I looked for my last apartment and I'm in one now that I've been in since 2020, I didn't look at newer builds because in Ontario, rent control doesn't apply after if first occupancy happened after 2018. So there's also this divergence in the market where rent control applies in some buildings, but not others. And renters are very well aware of that as well. If my rent went up 20% next year, I would not be able to afford to live in my place.

SPEAKER_00 7:11

Yeah, I know I think all that's really fair. And I think I tend to have a more nuanced opinion than most economists. So most economists will look at the research and say, you know, rent control on average actually kind of pushes up rents because it decreases the supply. And I think all that's true. On the other hand, you could say, look, you know, a lot of things matter. And yes, the overall level of rent matters, but so does volatility and and so does certainty. So I do think there is a role for government to regulate these things. I think the details of those regulations matter. I think we need to have balance. And I do think there are, you know, reforms that help both sides. Like, like often this is seen as kind of a zero-sum kind of rules that, you know, either you help tenants or you help landlords, but not both. But you know, I think there are a series of reforms here, like strengthening the landlord tenant board that can actually make both sides better off. So, you know, I'm giving the kind of economist two-handed answer here. But yeah, I don't think it's is all that black and white. And, you know, I definitely agree that renters uh can be in a more difficult uh situation, more ripe for for exploitation. So having rules that protect their interests, I think makes a great deal of sense.

SPEAKER_02 8:26

We're in a tricky spot because I think overall rent controls probably do prohibit new supply coming online. But when we have so little supply right now, it's like the chicken before the egg situation, right? In terms of kicking renters potentially out of their places effectively by raising rents. But in our group chat, you had mentioned some recent changes to rent control. The province of Manitoba is about to implement. What's going on there?

SPEAKER_00 8:49

Yeah, so the changes are all part of the provincial government's Bill 13, which they call the Residential Tenancies Amendment Act, which the government itself calls the largest expansion to rent controls in in decades. And the scope of the changes are pretty wide, and many of them aren't that controversial. But overall, I don't think this is being hyperbolic. I think the government is right that this probably is the biggest change in Manitoba rent control rules in decades. There's a couple of changes that are worth mentioning. So the first is right now in Manitoba, units that are at least 20 years old and under$1,670 a month in rent can have their rent increases capped at the rate of inflation unless the landlord can obtain what's called an above guideline increase or an AGI approval. Now, what the government's doing here is increasing that threshold from 1670 to 2,000 a year. So more kind of higher-end units are now going to fall under the rent control rules. And more controversially, however, the government is also just changing the AGI rules themselves.

SPEAKER_02 9:50

What changes is the Canoe government making there?

SPEAKER_00 9:53

The most common reason for landlords to be given an AGI waivers because they invested in upgrades, new windows, appliances, that kind of thing. The government is changing the eligibility criteria for these expenses and how they are treated in AGI calculations. What it essentially boils down to is it roughly cuts in half the amount landlords can raise rents in response to these investments. Now, supporters of the Canoe government's changes claim that the old AGI rules were overly generous to landlords and that they encourage gentrification, that a landlord could make a bunch of expensive upgrades, jack up the rents, and you know, kick out kind of lower income tenants and get higher income ones instead. But opponents to these AGI changes say that it's going to make it cost prohibitive, if not impossible, to invest in things like energy efficiency upgrades and other worthwhile improvements. A big concern here is that this new regime will actually favor landlords who treat their buildings as cash cows, the ones that refuse to make any investments and refuse to try to extend the useful life of their buildings. And then it will also just make it harder to meet those climate and energy efficiency goals.

SPEAKER_02 11:03

Yeah, it'll be interesting to see how this plays out. I'm curious how many landlords actually invest in these types of upgrades to begin with versus ones that just use it to raise rent. I don't know that in my experience, I've seen landlords necessarily invest in meaningful upgrades in places. So maybe this is a good policy for Manitoba, but we'll have to see how it plays out. I think the biggest thing though for renters is it's not only about pure price, it's about stability, which you mentioned earlier. And when you don't know what your rent could be the next year or even three years from now, you don't know if you're going to be able to live in the same place or even the same community. And that's something that is very difficult to address in policy. But one of the biggest reasons I think why young people want to own is not just the financial reasons, but the ability to actually plan your life. And especially when you want to have kids, be like, oh, I can live in this place longer term. I can live in this community, this school district. And right now, renters don't have any of that. So it's very psychologically difficult.

SPEAKER_00 12:01

I would agree with all of that. You know, but I would also suggest that, you know, a lot of times all of the new sort of taxes and rules that we put on, you know, any kind of businesses increases their costs faster than inflation. So, you know, I worry about the sustainability of these things, where the costs that a property owner might have might be going up three, four, five percent a year, but that we're capping the rents at like 1.8%. So I do understand that the Canoe government, like any government across Canada, is looking at the polling data, seeing how important affordability is to people and trying to do something about it. But I do also worry here that it's going to make it uh tough to operate these buildings and you know make those kinds of investments. And I think the last thing we want to see is you know, a bunch of uh buildings that are kind of falling apart, not well maintained, simply because it's too expensive to make those investments. Governments across Canada, you know, talk about wanting to attract more investment, but at the same time, you know, put in rules that uh discourage investment. So I worry that this may be one of those situations.

SPEAKER_02 13:16

One aspect that's interesting to me is I think you have two buckets of landlords. You have developers who create purpose-built rentals and they have to cover their costs month to month, year to year. And then you have, you know, your more individual investors who are in this for the long term. And in that case, I think there's this misconception that the renter should be paying all their mortgage and all their costs, and the landlord should just have the benefit of eventually being able to cash out 30 years in the future and make a huge amount of money while not putting any costs in from their side during that time period. Obviously, a landlord needs to offset some of their costs, but I'm curious about your thoughts on this. Like, should it be the renter's role to offset, you know, the mortgage, the upgrades, everything that a landlord spends over time?

SPEAKER_00 14:05

I feel like this is a wacky Wednesday episode where you're being far more progressive than I am, and I'm taking more of a conservative position here. But I I absolutely love that. I tend not to think of it in in terms of responsibility, right? I think to terms of market conditions and things like that to kind of go back to the beginning of this discussion, you know, I think the role of government is to try and create the market conditions that create affordability rather than saying, you know, there's some kind of moral or or legal kind of responsibility for pretendants to pay landlords' uh expenses. So I think as long as we have kind of a well-functioning market that we have uh incentives to create a new supply, then I then I think the the system works here. So we'll have to see how the how this goes. You know, I don't love these new rules. Uh I don't mind the increasing of the cap from 1670 to 2000, but I do worry about these AGI changes. I do worry it's going to make it harder to make those investments, uh, particularly make those climate investments. I do take your skepticism around whether or not landlords or property owners are actually making those investments. Totally fair point. But I do worry that this is going to restrict their ability to do so. And I do worry that it's going to reduce investment in upgrading existing buildings.

SPEAKER_02 15:26

Thank you everyone for watching and listening and to our amazing producer, Meredith Martin, and editor Sean Foreman.

SPEAKER_00 15:32

And if you have any thoughts or questions about policies in Manitoba or Winnipeg, please send us an email to missingmetal podcast at gmail.com.

SPEAKER_02 15:40

And we'll see you next time.